7 Glow-in-the-Dark Mushroom Species Discovered

By Betsy Mason
October 5, 2009

Seven new glowing mushroom species have been discovered in Belize, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Japan, Malaysia and Puerto Rico.

Four of the species are completely new to scientists, and three previously known species were discovered to be luminescent. All seven species, as well as the majority of the 64 previously known species of luminescent mushrooms, are from the Mycena family.

“What interests us is that within Mycena, the luminescent species come from 16 different lineages, which suggests that luminescence evolved at a single point and some species later lost the ability to glow,” said biologist Dennis Desjardin of San Francisco State University, lead author of the study published Monday in the journal Mycologia.

The new discoveries might help scientists understand when, how and why mushrooms evolved the ability to glow. Desjardin suspects that luminescence might attract nocturnal animals, which would then help the mushrooms spread their spores.

See photos at: http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2009/10/luminescent-mushrooms/

(Submitted by T. Peter Park)

7 Glow-in-the-Dark Mushroom Species Discovered

By Betsy Mason
October 5, 2009

Seven new glowing mushroom species have been discovered in Belize, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Japan, Malaysia and Puerto Rico.

Four of the species are completely new to scientists, and three previously known species were discovered to be luminescent. All seven species, as well as the majority of the 64 previously known species of luminescent mushrooms, are from the Mycena family.

“What interests us is that within Mycena, the luminescent species come from 16 different lineages, which suggests that luminescence evolved at a single point and some species later lost the ability to glow,” said biologist Dennis Desjardin of San Francisco State University, lead author of the study published Monday in the journal Mycologia.

The new discoveries might help scientists understand when, how and why mushrooms evolved the ability to glow. Desjardin suspects that luminescence might attract nocturnal animals, which would then help the mushrooms spread their spores.

See photos at: http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2009/10/luminescent-mushrooms/

(Submitted by T. Peter Park)

New species of phallus-shaped mushroom named after California academy of sciences scientist

Credit California Academy of Sciences

Dr. Robert Drewes calls the naming of Phallus drewesii, discovered on the African island of São Tomé, a "wonderful honour"

It's two inches long, grows on wood, and is shaped like a phallus. A new species of stinkhorn mushroom, Phallus drewesii, has been discovered on the African island of São Tomé and graces the upcoming cover of the journal Mycologia. The mushroom is named after Robert Drewes, Curator of Herpetology at the California Academy of Sciences, and is described in the July/August issue by Professor Dennis Desjardin and Brian Perry of San Francisco State University.

Stinkhorns

Phallus drewesii belongs to a group of mushrooms known as stinkhorns which give off a foul, rotting meat odour. There are 28 other species of Phallus fungi worldwide, but this particular species is notable for its small size, white net-like stem, and brown spore-covered head. It is also the only Phallus species to curve downward instead of upward.

"The mushroom emerges from an egg and elongates over four hours," says Desjardin, who is also a Fellow of the California Academy of Sciences. "Its odour attracts flies who consume the spores and disperse them throughout the forest."

Desjardin and Perry named the new species after Drewes as an acknowledgment of his "inspiration and fortitude to initiate, coordinate and lead multiorganism biotic surveys on São Tomé and Príncipe," according to the Mycologia paper.


"It's a wonderful honour and great fun to have this phallus-shaped fungus named after me," says Drewes. "I have been immortalized in the scientific record."


Phallus drewesii is not the first species to bear Drewes' name. A small moss frog native to South Africa (Arthroleptella drewesii) and a blind worm snake from Kenya (Leptotyphlops drewesi) were described in 1994 and 1996, respectively.



36 expeditions

Over a span of forty years, Drewes has embarked on 36 expeditions to 19 African countries, where he has focused on the evolutionary relationships, natural history, and biogeography of amphibians and reptiles. Recently, he has turned his attention to São Tomé and Príncipe, located in the Gulf of Guinea off Africa's west coast. Although it is a tiny nation-at 370 square miles, only about eight times the size of San Francisco-it hosts a number of plants, fungi, mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians found nowhere else on Earth. Since 2001, Drewes has organized four multidisciplinary expeditions to the islands in an effort to document their biodiversity and gather data for conservation plans. Phallus drewesii was one of 225 fungus species that Desjardin and Perry collected during the 2006 and 2008 expeditions.



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