Thursday, October 21, 2010
Bird demands walkies with grieving dog owner
The 61-year-old said: 'I had a dog and I wanted to have another pet so he was not lonely when I was out and as I didn't have space for a second hound I bought the bird.
'They told me in the shop that Mynah birds are very intelligent and I found that out when I discovered that it could talk.
'It quickly started mimicking me when I called the dog to say it was time to go for a walk - or dinner.
'The dog died last year but the bird does not forget and insists on being taken for a walk twice a day - and tells me when it's time for dinner as well.'
http://www.metro.co.uk/weird/844480-bird-demands-walkies-with-grieving-dog-owner
Bird demands walkies with grieving dog owner
The 61-year-old said: 'I had a dog and I wanted to have another pet so he was not lonely when I was out and as I didn't have space for a second hound I bought the bird.
'They told me in the shop that Mynah birds are very intelligent and I found that out when I discovered that it could talk.
'It quickly started mimicking me when I called the dog to say it was time to go for a walk - or dinner.
'The dog died last year but the bird does not forget and insists on being taken for a walk twice a day - and tells me when it's time for dinner as well.'
http://www.metro.co.uk/weird/844480-bird-demands-walkies-with-grieving-dog-owner
Friday, October 8, 2010
Dolphin species attempt 'common language'
By Matt Walker
Editor, Earth News
When two dolphin species come together, they attempt to find a common language, preliminary research suggests.
Bottlenose and Guyana dolphins, two distantly related species, often come together to socialise in waters off the coast of Costa Rica.
Both species make unique sounds, but when they gather, they change the way they communicate, and begin using an intermediate language.
That raises the possibility the two species are communicating in some way.
Details are published in the journal Ethology.
It is not yet clear exactly what is taking place between the two dolphin species, but it is the first evidence that the animals modify their communications in the presence of other species, not just other dolphins of their own kind.
Biologist Dr Laura May-Collado of the University of Puerto Rico in San Juan made the discovery studying dolphins swimming in the Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge of the southern Caribbean coast of Costa Rica.
Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are larger, measuring up to 3.8m long, with a long dorsal fin.
Guyana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) are much smaller, measuring 2.1m long, and have a smaller dorsal fin and longer snout, known as a rostrum.
Both species swim in groups made up of their own kind.
When bottlenose dolphins swim together, they emit longer, lower frequency calls, that are modulated.
In contrast, Guyana dolphins usually communicate using higher frequency whistles that have their own particular structure.
But often, the two species swim together in one group. These interactions are usually antagonistic, as the larger bottlenose dolphins harass the smaller Guyana dolphins.
When the two dolphins gather, they produce quite different calls, Dr May-Collado has discovered.
Crucially, calls emitted during these multi-species encounters are of an intermediate frequency and duration.
In other words, the dolphins start communicating in a style that is somewhere between those of the two separate species.
"I was surprised by these findings, as I was expecting both species to emphasise, perhaps exaggerate, their species-specific signals," Dr May-Collado told the BBC.
"Instead the signals recorded during these encounters became more homogenous.
"This was a very exciting discovery."
As yet, Dr May-Collado cannot be sure if both species are changing the way they communicate, or whether it is one species attempting to call more like the other.
That is because her sound equipment could only record the total calls produced by mixed species groups of dolphins, and could not separate out sounds made by individuals.
"This limits how much I can say about how much they are communicating," says Dr May-Collado.
However, dolphins are known to have an extraordinary ability to change their calls when 'talking' to other individuals, or to ensure they are heard over the din of background noise pollution.
So "I wouldn't be surprised that they can modify their signals to mimic, and even possibly communicate with other species. Particularly when their home ranges force them to interact on a daily basis, which is the case of this study," she says.
It is also unclear whether the two species are simply learning to communicate using a common language, or whether the Guyana dolphins alone are making the new sounds due to stress.
It could even be that the Guyana dolphins are attempting "to emit threatening sounds in the language of the intruder", in a bid to make the bottlenose dolphins desist, Dr May-Collado says.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_9045000/9045389.stm
(Submitted by Chad Arment)
Dolphin species attempt 'common language'
By Matt Walker
Editor, Earth News
When two dolphin species come together, they attempt to find a common language, preliminary research suggests.
Bottlenose and Guyana dolphins, two distantly related species, often come together to socialise in waters off the coast of Costa Rica.
Both species make unique sounds, but when they gather, they change the way they communicate, and begin using an intermediate language.
That raises the possibility the two species are communicating in some way.
Details are published in the journal Ethology.
It is not yet clear exactly what is taking place between the two dolphin species, but it is the first evidence that the animals modify their communications in the presence of other species, not just other dolphins of their own kind.
Biologist Dr Laura May-Collado of the University of Puerto Rico in San Juan made the discovery studying dolphins swimming in the Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife Refuge of the southern Caribbean coast of Costa Rica.
Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are larger, measuring up to 3.8m long, with a long dorsal fin.
Guyana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) are much smaller, measuring 2.1m long, and have a smaller dorsal fin and longer snout, known as a rostrum.
Both species swim in groups made up of their own kind.
When bottlenose dolphins swim together, they emit longer, lower frequency calls, that are modulated.
In contrast, Guyana dolphins usually communicate using higher frequency whistles that have their own particular structure.
But often, the two species swim together in one group. These interactions are usually antagonistic, as the larger bottlenose dolphins harass the smaller Guyana dolphins.
When the two dolphins gather, they produce quite different calls, Dr May-Collado has discovered.
Crucially, calls emitted during these multi-species encounters are of an intermediate frequency and duration.
In other words, the dolphins start communicating in a style that is somewhere between those of the two separate species.
"I was surprised by these findings, as I was expecting both species to emphasise, perhaps exaggerate, their species-specific signals," Dr May-Collado told the BBC.
"Instead the signals recorded during these encounters became more homogenous.
"This was a very exciting discovery."
As yet, Dr May-Collado cannot be sure if both species are changing the way they communicate, or whether it is one species attempting to call more like the other.
That is because her sound equipment could only record the total calls produced by mixed species groups of dolphins, and could not separate out sounds made by individuals.
"This limits how much I can say about how much they are communicating," says Dr May-Collado.
However, dolphins are known to have an extraordinary ability to change their calls when 'talking' to other individuals, or to ensure they are heard over the din of background noise pollution.
So "I wouldn't be surprised that they can modify their signals to mimic, and even possibly communicate with other species. Particularly when their home ranges force them to interact on a daily basis, which is the case of this study," she says.
It is also unclear whether the two species are simply learning to communicate using a common language, or whether the Guyana dolphins alone are making the new sounds due to stress.
It could even be that the Guyana dolphins are attempting "to emit threatening sounds in the language of the intruder", in a bid to make the bottlenose dolphins desist, Dr May-Collado says.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_9045000/9045389.stm
(Submitted by Chad Arment)
Saturday, August 14, 2010
Orangutans use mime to communicate messages
August 13, 2010 12:00 PMScientists who analysed video footage of orangutans amassed over 20 years, claim the creatures are able to explain things to each other, and humans, via mime.
The boffins say they found 18 occasions in which orangutans used "elaborated gestures of pantomime" to get what they wanted.
Examples ranged from rubbing a leaf on their forehead and then passing it to a human as an instruction to clean them, to holding an object over their head because the want an umbrella passing to them.
Professor Anne Russon said the finding could offer new insight into the evolutionary origins of human language.
Which is all well and good… but what we want to know is when will the world's first inter-species charades tournament take place.
Russon - of York University in Toronto - added that if the mime is not understood by a human the orangutans get a look on their faces as if to say ‘Are you stupid?
http://newslite.tv/2010/08/13/orangutans-use-mime-to-communi.html
Friday, May 7, 2010
Chimpanzees use sex tools
(PhysOrg.com) -- Many animals are known to use tools, but chimpanzees (our closest living relatives) show the most varied and complex use of tools, and the males in one group of chimps have even been observed using sex tools to attract a mate.
The definition of "tool" varies, but most scientists recognize objects as tools if they are inanimate objects outside the body of the user, if they are used to alter the environment in some way or to gain information about it, and if they are modified in some way in function, form or position. Chimpanzees were first observed using tools by Jane Goodall in 1960, when she documented chimps using blades of grass to extract termites, and chimps are now known to use a "tool kit" of around 20 tools, with the tools in the kit varying from one colony to another.
Researchers working in Tanzania have observed male chimpanzees plucking and breaking the dry, brittle leaves in front of their visible erection, and using the rasping sound to attract the attention of a female. If she is interested, the behavior is followed by mating. The use of leaves in this way has not been seen in other chimp groups, but chimps everywhere have been seen to use tools and combinations of tools in complex sequences to attain their goals, which may involve food, social rituals, or in this case, sexual desires.
In an essay in Science, primatologist and university lecturer in biological anthropology, Dr. William C. McGrew from the University of Cambridge, described the latest findings on tool use in chimpanzees. He said the leaves used by the Tanzanian chimps fit the definition of a tool because the chimps are using an external object to obtain a specific goal, which is to interest the female chimp in mating.
Dr McGrew is the author of the book “The Cultured Chimpanzee: Reflections on Cultural Primatology” and hundreds of scientific publications on non-human primates.
More information: William C. McGrew, Chimpanzee Technology, Science 30 April 2010: Vol. 328. no. 5978, pp. 579 - 580. DOI:10.1126/science.1187921
http://www.physorg.com/news192258277.html
(Submitted by Richard Freeman)
Wednesday, April 21, 2010
Clever crows can use up to three tools (Video)
Researchers have found that New Caledonian crows are capable of using three tools in succession in order to reach food.
Boffins from the University of Auckland set up a test to demonstrate the tool-using prowess of crows which has been seen in the wild.
In their experiment birds had to work out how to access food they could not initially reach.
This had to be done by first releasing a short string which was attached to a perch, and using this to reach a longer stick from behind bars.
The longer stick was then used to retrieve a scrap of food from within a perspex box… the scientists are now hoping the birds will write up the experiment themselves.
Professor Russell Gray, from the University of Auckland, said: "The crows needed to understand they needed the short tool on the piece of string to get the long tool, and then use the long tool to get the food."
Writing in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, the researchers added: "This innovative use of established behaviours in novel contexts was not based on resurgence, chaining and conditional reinforcement.
"Instead, the performance was consistent with the transfer of an abstract, causal rule: ‘out-of-reach objects can be accessed using a tool’.
"This suggests that high innovation rates in the wild may reflect complex cognitive abilities that supplement basic learning mechanisms."
LINKS
University of Auckland
http://newslite.tv/2010/04/21/clever-crows-can-use-up-to-thr.html
Octopus steals underwater camera from diver - while it's recording
A New Zealand diver was forced to chase an underwater camera-stealing octopus which wrestled his brand new device from his hands and swam away, with the camera still recording.
The incredible video gives a tentacle-covered view of the five-minute chase, which only ended after the diver used his speargun to prise the camera back from the thieving octopus's grip.
Victor Huang was diving near the Wahine Memorial off the south coast of Wellington on Thursday when the octopus suddenly burst out of a bed of kelp. Huang 'freaked out' at first as he thought the octopus was attacking him - before realising that the octopus was actually just after his shiny new Panasonic Lumix camera.
A wrestling match ensued between the two as Huang tried to hold onto the camera as the octopus attempted to prise it from his grip. And in the end, the tentacle proved too strong - and the octopus 'swam away very quickly like a naughty shoplifter', Hung said on his YouTube video of the event.
The video then shows the camera's-eye view of the chase that followed - mostly covered in suckers - as Huang frantically swam after the octopus in an attempt to get his camera back.
It took five minute for him to catch up with the creature, at which point he managed to get his speargun under the creature and, when it grabbed hold of that as well, use it to pry the camera from its grasp.
He then spent a few more minutes taking the octopus for a ride on his speargun, which he says the octopus seemed to enjoy. He doesn't think the octopus meant him any harm - it had just become fascinated by the gadget.
'I honestly believe that it saw the bright blue digital camera and went ‘oh I need that’, you know?' Huang told stuff.co.nz.
Tuesday, March 16, 2010
HDTV reveals brainy octopus has no personality
Octopuses make for discerning TV viewers: it seems they prefer high-definition to traditional cathode ray images (CRT). What's more, the first study using video to trick octopuses, finds that they may be the Jekyll and Hydes of the oceans: aggressive one day, shrinking violets the next.
"People have been trying for over a decade to get proper behavioural responses from octopuses and other cephalopods using videos," says Roger Hanlon, an octopus researcher at the Marine Resources Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, who was not involved in the study. "But this is the first time anyone has managed it."
Gloomy octopuses (Octopus tetricus) reacted to films shown on liquid crystal high definition television (HDTV) as if they were seeing the real thing, according to a new study by Renata Pronk at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia, and colleagues. "They lunge forwards to attack crabs and back off from other octopuses, much as they do in the wild," says Hanlon.
Surprisingly, an octopus that was bold, aggressive and exploratory on one day was just as likely to be shy, submissive and stationary the next. "This suggests that the gloomy octopus does not have personality," writes Pronk in the new study.
No personality
By "personality", researchers mean consistency in behaviour. You might expect an individual to respond to crabs, other octopuses, jars, for example, by being consistently bold, shy or aggressive.
In contrast, the octopuses in Pronk's study were more moody than gloomy. The team captured 31 gloomy octopuses in Sydney harbour and showed them a set of 3-minute videos displayed on a screen at the front of their tank. The videos were filmed at 50 frames per second and featured a crab (their prey), another gloomy octopus, a jar and a water-filled aquarium.
Previous attempts to get octopuses to respond to videos failed, probably because they used CRT, which displays footage at a rate of 24 frames per second – too slowly for their sophisticated eyes. "The images that they see on CRT screens are incomplete and probably incoherent," says Hanlon.
To Pronk's surprise, the octopuses behaved as if animals in the film were real. They lunged forwards at crabs using jet propulsion, often striking the front of the aquarium. But when they saw films of other octopuses, which they avoid in the wild, they cowered behind a terracotta pot placed in the aquarium.
Octopuses that reacted to one film aggressively tended to respond to all films on a particular day in the same way. But over longer periods of time, any trace of "personality" or consistency evaporated. They might react aggressively one day, but much less so on another day. "It's a bit of a surprise," says Hanlon. Other cephalopods, such as the dumpling squid, display consistent personalities for most of their lives.
Huge brains
This lack of consistent behaviour may be related to octopuses's huge brain size, relative to other cephalopods. Big brains may "afford octopuses considerable behavioural flexibility that allows them to change their behaviour adaptively over time," write the researchers.
Lack of personality may not necessarily be a bad thing. They live in dynamic environments (shallow coastal waters and reefs) and "these conditions may select for behavioural flexibility as individuals could then optimise their behaviour in a variety of typical environmental conditions". For example, behaving shyly may be an octopus's best response when it is threatened by a predator, but behaving boldly may be the best behaviour when foraging.
Hormones may drive short-term changes in the octopuses' behaviour from day to day, the authors also speculate.
The new video technology used in the experiment could help to settle several long-standing debates, says Hanlon. "For example, scientists have debated since 1992 whether or not an octopus can learn behaviours simply by watching each other," he says. "This technology will open many doors."
Journal reference: The Journal of Experimental Biology, DOI: 10.1242/jeb.040675
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18640-hdtv-reveals-brainy-octopus-has-no-personality.html
(Submitted by Tim Chapman)
Friday, February 26, 2010
Brainy Crows Finally Stumped by Intelligence Test
By Brandon Keim February 24, 201Maybe they’re not as smart as we thought: The New Caledonian crow, having passed so many other tests of animal cognition, has finally flunked an exam.
New Caledonian crows are valedictorians among corvids, a family of birds that includes ravens, jays and magpies. They’ve wowed scientists with their cognitive powers, even using wire as a food-fetching tool.
On one classic cognition test — retrieving a piece of food tied to a string — corvids perform so well that some researchers thought they didn’t just learn through rote trial and error, but envisioned problems in their head.
In a study published Feb. 22 in Public Library of Science ONE, researchers added a twist: They ran the string through a hole in a plywood platform. Crows could only see the food when directly above the hole. When they pulled back on the string, they’d lose sight of it. If they really did have a mental image of the task, it wouldn’t be a problem.Twelve crows took the test: four who’d practiced on the old food-on-a-string setup, four who’d never seen it, and four who’d never seen it but could watch their reflection in a mirror.
Crows from the first group succeeded, but only after many attempts. Only one of the second group passed, also with difficulty. Two crows from the third group passed. It wasn’t the ace performance usually seen in crows.
“These results are not consistent with the hypothesis that the crows built a mental scenario,” wrote the researchers. “Our results raise the possibility that spontaneous string pulling in New Caledonian crows may not be based on insight but on operant conditioning mediated by a perceptual-motor feedback cycle.”
In other words, the crows relied on a simple trial-and-error approach. But the researchers did acknowledge that their sample size was limited, and that depth perception could be skewed in a confusing way by the experimental setup.
If nothing else, the crows did far better than finches. And even if they’re not good with spatial relationships, they’re certainly fast learners.
Images: 1) New Caledonian Crows on the old experimental setup at left, and on the new apparatus at right. Credit: University of Auckland. 2) Schematic of the new test design. Credit: University of Auckland.
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/02/crow-intelligence/#ixzz0gdVHkpHD
(Submitted by Liz R)
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
If you think a crow is giving you the evil eye…
Video: Crows recognise people's faces
Wild crows can recognise individual human faces and hold a grudge for years against people who have treated them badly. This ability – which may also exist in other wild animals – highlights how carefully some animals monitor the humans with whom they share living space.
Field biologists have observed that crows seem to recognise them, and a few researchers have even gone to the extreme of wearing masks when capturing birds to band (or "ring") them, so that they could later observe the birds without upsetting them. However, it was unclear whether the birds distinguish people by their faces or by other distinctive features of dress, gait or behaviour. To find out, John Marzluff at the University of Washington in Seattle and colleagues donned a rubber caveman mask and then captured and banded wild American crows.
Whenever a person wearing the same mask approached those crows later, the birds scolded them loudly. In contrast, they ignored the same person wearing a mask of former US Vice-President Dick Cheney, which had never been worn during banding. "Most of the time you walk right up to them and they don't care at all," says Marzluff.
Long memories
The birds' antipathy to the caveman mask has lasted more than three years, even though the crows have had no further bad experiences with people wearing it. The crows responded less strongly to other details of a person's dress, such as the presence of a hat or a coloured armband.
In a second experiment, Marzluff's team prepared six masks from casts of people's faces, then wore different masks to capture crows in each of four locations. In each case, they found, the crows recognised and scolded whichever mask they had seen when they were captured, and ignored the others.
This shows that crows pay close attention to humans, noting which individuals pose a threat and which do not, says Doug Levey of the University of Florida in Gainesville, who was not part of the team.
"We may think they are just bystanders minding their own business – but we are their business," he notes. "It's likely that they're incredibly perceptive of the dog and cat components of their environment, as well."
Journal reference: Animal Behaviour, DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.12.022
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18429-if-you-think-a-crow-is-giving-you-the-evil-eye.html
(Submitted by Tim Chapman)
Juneau's famous black wolf's absence a mystery
January 24th, 2010 08:10 AM
JUNEAU, Alaska - Plenty of catastrophes can befall a wolf: icy stream crossings, a nasty spat with a bear, a fall in a crevasse, even other wolves.
Romeo faced those dangers and more because he chose to live near humans, where he could socialize with their pets. His increasing comfort around people probably upped his chances of mortality, but at age 7 or 8, he was getting up there in years and could have died naturally.
Then again, maybe he hooked up with a female wolf or joined a pack and left. That scenario seems unlikely to area biologists, but some Romeo fans like to think about it.
Neither hide nor hair of Romeo, the city's celebrity wolf, has been seen in Juneau this winter. Residents who hiked with him every day said he was last seen in mid-September.
Romeo first showed up in the Mendenhall Valley in 2003, hanging around every winter since in the Dredge Lakes area and on the frozen, snow-covered lake.
It was clear this was no ordinary wolf; he instigated playful behavior with dogs being walked by area residents.
"The thing that impressed me most about him was his non-aggressiveness, or his turn-the-other-cheek sort of attitude that he had," said photographer John Hyde, who spent countless hours taking hundreds of images of the animal. "I saw him attacked by various dogs, aggressively attacked and bitten, and he would just turn away and walk off when he could have literally killed those dogs in seconds."
It was clear to many residents the shiny black wolf, estimated at 140 pounds, yearned for canine companionship and was seemingly willing to stifle innate behavior in a quest to make friends.
"He would make noises, wanted to show us something. He wanted to play," said Harry Robinson, who was joined by the wolf on daily walks with his female dog, Brittian. "He'd jump eight feet straight up in the air and grab a branch, be like, 'Look at me, I'm so cute, look what I can do.' He'd play tug-of-war with other dogs but act like he's pulling it, so the dog would not get discouraged or something. He liked to be chased by other dogs."
He lived in the area woods, feeding on mice, voles, salmon and beaver. He sometimes got a deer and sometimes ate dog food, evidenced by the scat. Some say he left in the summer and others say he widened his range but stayed around, harder to see in the lush forest.
Romeo's socialization eventually became routine. He'd hang around the West Glacier Trail parking lot, his ears perking up at the sound of certain vehicles.
His "pack" was made up of a group of unrelated dogs, both large and small, belonging to people who walked their pets at different times of day.
He'd spend only minutes with some, and hours with others.
Robinson said he would hike two hours a day with him, and could call him with a wolf-like howl.
He'd follow many of his canine companions back to the parking lot.
"You'd see him whining and crying as they left, and they'd tell him to go back to where he came from and they left," Hyde said. "But then he'd be there the next day looking for the same thing."
Though thought of fondly by many, Romeo was accused of killing and eating several small-breed dogs.
Those incidences are strongly discounted by his fans but not ruled out by area wildlife managers, who discussed relocating the wolf but decided to attempt to change human behavior instead.
They requested pet owners not let dogs play with the wolf, putting signs up at the trailhead. It didn't stop the socialization, however.
This winter, Romeo did not come back to the lake, where many residents in years past saw him frolicking among ice skaters' pets.
Robinson said Romeo was last seen Sept. 18. He looked healthy and had about three-quarters of his winter coat grown in.
Events and details about Romeo observed by residents who got to know him offer some hints about what may have happened.
Always after canine companionship, Romeo was never that interested in humans but he became too comfortable around them, Hyde said.
"He was beginning to lose that fear of people, so if he saw a dog that looked interesting he'd come right up to it," he said, "even if there was a person on the end of a leash 20 feet away or even less."
Last year he began to show some age, shrinking his range and staying out of deep snow more than before. Wolves generally live a decade or so.
"He was just getting older," Hyde said, "and he wasn't quite as rambunctious as he used to be."
Biologist Steve Lewis said Romeo likely died of natural causes.
"My guess is that he's probably dead ... he just died from being a wolf," he said.
Romeo also could have interacted with a pack of wolves, said Lewis, a former researcher for the state department of Fish and Game now with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. He studied the animals until last year.
GPS collars on two of the pack animals showed them moving from Mount McGinnis north to the Katzaheen River near Haines. The pack made regular trips between the two areas but stayed up in the mountains, never coming down to the Mendenhall Valley, Lewis said.
In March they detoured around the valley, crossed the glacier and avoided downtown while heading for Thane to the south. The animals might have been checking boundaries of another pack in the Taku River drainage, Lewis said.
"He potentially could have been interacting with one of these other packs and he could have been killed because of that," Lewis said.
He also could have left on friendlier terms.
Last summer, a second wolf showed itself in the valley.
It was a gray wolf, with brown, black and gray markings said to be smaller than Romeo but not many people, if anyone, got a really good look.
The new wolf did not interact with people but stayed in the forest. Some heard it howl. Hyde said the call got no reaction from Romeo.
"The impression I got watching him, he didn't even answer," he said.
Still, the possibility Romeo could have developed an interest in the gray wolf is attractive, especially to those who became attached to him.
"I'm working on the supposition, an off-chance, that some type of female that came through the area was appealing to him," Robinson said.
Robinson also thinks someone could have hurt the wolf. He suggests it could have been trapped or shot.
State wildlife managers "don't have a clue" what might have happened to Romeo, Fish and Game Area Biologist Ryan Scott said, and drawing conclusions about a wrongdoing is "inappropriate."
Romance, violence, a new beginning, a natural death - no one likely knows what happened to Romeo but many agree, a unique opportunity to see a wild animal up close and personal is lost to Juneau residents and visitors.
For Robinson, who saw Romeo as an individual and not just as a wild animal, his disappearance means a bit more than that.
"To me he was intelligent, loyal, very playful," he said. "... I miss him, as a friend, really. Much like - I don't want to say a dog because while I've never petted him, he's really wild - he certainly trusted us and he was a great, loyal companion."
http://www.adn.com/news/alaska/ap_alaska/story/1108029.html
(Submitted by Caty Bergman)
Monday, January 25, 2010
Crocodiles 'taught to recognise their names'
By Andrew Hough
Published: 8:00AM GMT 23 Jan 2010
The reptiles, Paleo and Suchus, have been taught to listen for their names being called, it was claimed.
Keepers at the centre in Ellesmere Port, Merseyside, they are even learning when to open their mouths for food.
They said the type of training had worked with mammals before but hardly ever with reptiles.
"They are very intelligent and started responding to their names in just a few days," said Tom Cornwall, the aquarium's manager.
In a bid to train them, the crocodiles, which are called Cuvier's dwarf caiman, are given food as a prize if they react in the right way.
The training takes its idea from a similar scheme run at the Madras Crocodile Bank Trust in India.
Once fully trained, the aquarium's zoological team will set up "enrichment activities" for the pair.
Mr Cornwall, Blue Planet Aquarium's ranger and exhibits manager, added: "As well as enabling us to approach them and inspect and treat any potential health issues it will also allow us to set up tasks and foraging exercises for them to mimic the types of behaviour they would have to use in the wild."
Found throughout South America, the Cuvier's dwarf caiman usually live in freshwater habitats like rivers, including the Amazon, flooded forests and larger lakes.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildlife/7053745/British-crocodiles-taught-to-recognise-their-names.html
Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Octopus snatches coconut and runs
Photo: Jens PetersenMonday, 14 December 2009
By Rebecca Morelle
Science reporter, BBC News
An octopus and its coconut-carrying antics have surprised scientists.
Underwater footage reveals that the creatures scoop up halved coconut shells before scampering away with them so they can later use them as shelters.
Writing in the journal Current Biology, the team says it is the first example of tool use in octopuses.
One of the researchers, Dr Julian Finn from Australia's Museum Victoria, told BBC News: "I almost drowned laughing when I saw this the first time."
He added: "I could tell it was going to do something, but I didn't expect this - I didn't expect it would pick up the shell and run away with it."
Quick getaway
The veined octopuses (Amphioctopus marginatus) were filmed between 1999 and 2008 off the coasts of Northern Sulawesi and Bali in Indonesia. The bizarre behaviour was spotted on four occasions.
The eight-armed beasts used halved coconuts that had been discarded by humans and had eventually settled in the ocean.
Dr Mark Norman, head of science at Museum Victoria, Melbourne, and one of the authors of the paper, said: "It is amazing watching them excavate one of these shells. They probe their arms down to loosen the mud, then they rotate them out."
After turning the shells so the open side faces upwards, the octopuses blow jets of mud out of the bowl before extending their arms around the shell - or if they have two halves, stacking them first, one inside the other - before stiffening their legs and tip-toeing away.
Dr Norman said: "I think it is amazing that those arms of pure muscle get turned into rigid rods so that they can run along a bit like a high-speed spider.
"It comes down to amazing dexterity and co-ordination of eight arms and several hundred suckers."
Home, sweet home
The octopuses were filmed moving up to 20m with the shells.
And their awkward gait, which the scientists describe as "stilt-walking", is surprisingly speedy, possibly because the creatures are left vulnerable to attack from predators while they scuttle away with their prized coconuts.
The octopuses eventually use the shells as a protective shelter. If they just have one half, they simply turn it over and hide underneath. But if they are lucky enough to have retrieved two halves, they assemble them back into the original closed coconut form and sneak inside.
The shells provide important protection for the octopuses in a patch of seabed where there are few places to hide.
Dr Norman explained: "This is an incredibly dangerous habitat for these animals - soft sediment and mud couldn't be worse.
"If they are buried loose in mud without a shell, any predator coming along can just scoop them up. And they are pure rump steak, a terrific meat supply for any predator."
The researchers think that the creatures would initially have used large bivalve shells as their haven, but later swapped to coconuts after our insatiable appetite for them meant their discarded shells became a regular feature on the sea bed.
Surprisingly smart
Tool use was once thought to be an exclusively human skill, but this behaviour has now been observed in a growing list of primates, mammals and birds.
The researchers say their study suggests that these coconut-grabbing octopuses should now be added to these ranks.
Professor Tom Tregenza, an evolutionary ecologist from the University of Exeter, UK, and another author of the paper, said: "A tool is something an animal carries around and then uses on a particular occasion for a particular purpose.
"While the octopus carries the coconut around there is no use to it - no more use than an umbrella is to you when you have it folded up and you are carrying it about. The umbrella only becomes useful when you lift it above your head and open it up.
"And just in the same way, the coconut becomes useful to this octopus when it stops and turns it the other way up and climbs inside it."
He added that octopuses already have a reputation for being an intelligent invertebrate.
He explained: "They've been shown to be able to solve simple puzzles, there is the mimic octopus, which has a range of different species that it can mimic, and now there is this tool use.
"They do things which, normally, you'd only expect vertebrates to do."
See video at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8408233.stm
Octopus snatches coconut and runs
Photo: Jens PetersenMonday, 14 December 2009
By Rebecca Morelle
Science reporter, BBC News
An octopus and its coconut-carrying antics have surprised scientists.
Underwater footage reveals that the creatures scoop up halved coconut shells before scampering away with them so they can later use them as shelters.
Writing in the journal Current Biology, the team says it is the first example of tool use in octopuses.
One of the researchers, Dr Julian Finn from Australia's Museum Victoria, told BBC News: "I almost drowned laughing when I saw this the first time."
He added: "I could tell it was going to do something, but I didn't expect this - I didn't expect it would pick up the shell and run away with it."
Quick getaway
The veined octopuses (Amphioctopus marginatus) were filmed between 1999 and 2008 off the coasts of Northern Sulawesi and Bali in Indonesia. The bizarre behaviour was spotted on four occasions.
The eight-armed beasts used halved coconuts that had been discarded by humans and had eventually settled in the ocean.
Dr Mark Norman, head of science at Museum Victoria, Melbourne, and one of the authors of the paper, said: "It is amazing watching them excavate one of these shells. They probe their arms down to loosen the mud, then they rotate them out."
After turning the shells so the open side faces upwards, the octopuses blow jets of mud out of the bowl before extending their arms around the shell - or if they have two halves, stacking them first, one inside the other - before stiffening their legs and tip-toeing away.
Dr Norman said: "I think it is amazing that those arms of pure muscle get turned into rigid rods so that they can run along a bit like a high-speed spider.
"It comes down to amazing dexterity and co-ordination of eight arms and several hundred suckers."
Home, sweet home
The octopuses were filmed moving up to 20m with the shells.
And their awkward gait, which the scientists describe as "stilt-walking", is surprisingly speedy, possibly because the creatures are left vulnerable to attack from predators while they scuttle away with their prized coconuts.
The octopuses eventually use the shells as a protective shelter. If they just have one half, they simply turn it over and hide underneath. But if they are lucky enough to have retrieved two halves, they assemble them back into the original closed coconut form and sneak inside.
The shells provide important protection for the octopuses in a patch of seabed where there are few places to hide.
Dr Norman explained: "This is an incredibly dangerous habitat for these animals - soft sediment and mud couldn't be worse.
"If they are buried loose in mud without a shell, any predator coming along can just scoop them up. And they are pure rump steak, a terrific meat supply for any predator."
The researchers think that the creatures would initially have used large bivalve shells as their haven, but later swapped to coconuts after our insatiable appetite for them meant their discarded shells became a regular feature on the sea bed.
Surprisingly smart
Tool use was once thought to be an exclusively human skill, but this behaviour has now been observed in a growing list of primates, mammals and birds.
The researchers say their study suggests that these coconut-grabbing octopuses should now be added to these ranks.
Professor Tom Tregenza, an evolutionary ecologist from the University of Exeter, UK, and another author of the paper, said: "A tool is something an animal carries around and then uses on a particular occasion for a particular purpose.
"While the octopus carries the coconut around there is no use to it - no more use than an umbrella is to you when you have it folded up and you are carrying it about. The umbrella only becomes useful when you lift it above your head and open it up.
"And just in the same way, the coconut becomes useful to this octopus when it stops and turns it the other way up and climbs inside it."
He added that octopuses already have a reputation for being an intelligent invertebrate.
He explained: "They've been shown to be able to solve simple puzzles, there is the mimic octopus, which has a range of different species that it can mimic, and now there is this tool use.
"They do things which, normally, you'd only expect vertebrates to do."
See video at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8408233.stm
